What is Pterygium?
Pterygium, often referred to as “surfer’s eye,” is a growth of fleshy tissue that develops on the white part of the eye (sclera) and can extend onto the cornea. This condition is typically caused by prolonged exposure to UV light, dust, and wind. Pterygium can cause discomfort, redness, and visual disturbances if it progresses.
Pterygium types:
1. Primary Pterygium:
This is the most common type, appearing as a triangular, fleshy growth on the conjunctiva. It typically starts at the inner corner of the eye (near the nose) and grows toward the cornea.
- Causes: Prolonged exposure to UV light, dust, and wind are major risk factors.
2. Recurrent Pterygium:
This occurs when pterygium returns after surgical removal. It can be more aggressive and challenging to treat than the primary pterygium.
- Causes: Incomplete removal of the initial pterygium, or factors like ongoing UV exposure and irritation.
3. Atrophic Pterygium:
This type is less common and characterized by a thinner, less elevated growth compared to the primary pterygium. It might appear more translucent.
- Causes: Similar risk factors as other types but may be less aggressive in nature.
4. Inflammatory Pterygium:
This type is associated with inflammation and might show symptoms such as redness and swelling. It may be more symptomatic than other types.
- Causes: Prolonged irritation or exposure to environmental factors can lead to inflammation.
5. Conjunctival Pterygium:
This refers to a pterygium that primarily affects the conjunctiva but does not grow onto the cornea significantly. It remains mostly confined to the white part of the eye.
- Causes: Environmental factors like UV exposure and dust, but less aggressive in terms of corneal invasion.
6. Corneal Pterygium:
This type extends more significantly onto the cornea, potentially affecting vision by causing distortion or blocking the visual axis.
- Causes: Similar risk factors but with more advanced growth affecting the corneal surface.
7. Advanced Pterygium:
When the pterygium has grown extensively onto the cornea, causing significant visual disturbances and discomfort. It may also cause astigmatism due to its effect on the corneal surface.
- Causes: Prolonged exposure and lack of timely treatment.
8. Pterygium with Limbal Dermoid:
This is a rare combination where a pterygium is present along with a limbal dermoid, which is a congenital growth at the limbus (the border between the cornea and sclera).
- Causes: Congenital factors combined with environmental influences.
